Geografi Tingkatan 3 - BAB 16 : KEPENTINGAN KERJASAMA

A. BENTUK  KERJASAMA   ANTARABANGSA

1.    Kerjasama dua hal – contoh , Majlis Perniagaan Amerika Syarikat dengan Malaysia.

2.    Kerjasama pelbagai hala – contoh kerjasama Malaysia dengan Negara Kesatuan Eropah dan 
       Amerika Syarikat.

3.     Kerjasama Serantau – contoh Persatuan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara (ASEAN), Kerjasama 
        Ekonomi Asia Pasifik (APEC).

4.     Kerjasama Kumpulan Negara – contoh G7 ( Kanada, Jepun, Itali, United Kingdom, dan Amerika 
        Syarikat ) , G 15 ( Algeria,Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mesir, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, 
        Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, dan Zimbabwe )

5.     Kerjasama Sedunia – contoh , OIC ( Pertubuhan Negara-negara Islam ), NAM ( Pertubuhan 
        Negara-negara Berkecuali), WTO ( Pertubuhan Perdagangan Dunia).

6.     Segi Tiga Pertumbuhan – contoh, IMT-GT ( Segi tiga Pertumbuhan Indonesia, Malaysia, dan  
        Thailand )

KEPENTINGAN  KERJASAMA   ANTARABANGSA

1. BURUH

    - mendapatkan bekalan tenaga buruh asing.

    - contoh , buruh Indonesia, Bangladesh, Filipina ke Malaysia.

2. HUBUNGAN PERDAGANGAN

   -  melalui Pejabat Kedutaan

   -  MITI ( Kementerian Perdagangan Antarabangsa dan Industri )

   -  MATRADE ( Pusat Perdagangan Malaysia ).

3. PELABURAN

     - merupakan usaha menggunakan modal untuk memulakan sesuatu kegiatan ekonomi.

     - bentuk pelaburan terus

     - melibatkan pelaburan Malaysia ke luar Negara dan pelaburan luar negara ke Malaysia.

     - contoh , MITSUBISHI ( Jepun) melabur dalam Syarikat PROTON , DAIHATSU ( Jepun)  melabur
       dalam Syarikat PERODUA, KAWASAKI melabur dalan Syarikat MODENAS.

4. BAHAN MENTAH

     - Import bahan mentah

     - bahan mentah industri berasaskan sumber

     - bahan mentah industri bukan berasaskan sumber

     - bahan mentah untuk makanan

     - bahan mentah untuk minuman

     - petroleum

5.  PASARAN

      - melibatkan perdagangan dua hala

      - Negara pengimport barangan Malaysia – ASEAN, Amerika Syarikat, Negara Selatan, Kesatuan
        Eropah, dan Jepun.

      -  Malaysia membeli barangan dari  ASEAN, Jepun, Amerika Syarikat, Negara-negara Selatan dan
         Kesatuan Eropah.

6.  PEMINDAHAN TEKNOLOGI

       - pembelian terus barangan modal – jentra, mesin

       -  pembelian ekuiti (saham) – syarikat asing memiliki saham dalam syarikat Malaysia dan memberi latihan 
           kepada pekerja tempatan.

       -  peraturan paten dan tanda dagangan –syarikat tempatan memohon kebenaran syarikat asing  untuk
           mengeluar barangan di bawah jenama yang sama.

       -  perjanjian pelesenan – syarikat tempatan menjadi pengedar produk ciptaan syarikat asing.

       -  aliran sumber manusia – pekerja asing dibawa masuk bekerja di Malaysia dan memberi latihan kepada
          buruh tempatan.

         

Geografi Tingkatan 3 - BAB 15 : LANGKAH- LANGKAH MENGURANGKAN

15.1 PENGHUTANAN SEMULA

         -  penanaman semula di kawasan hutan

         -  penanaman semula di luar hutan

15.2       KITAR SEMULA

-          mengurangkan pencemaran

-          menjimatkan penggunaan sumber

-          mengelakkan pembaziran

-          menjamin kebersihan persekitaran

15.3       PENDIDIKAN ALAM SEKITAR

-          peringkat sekolah melalui pelajaran Geografi, Sains, Pendidikan Moral, Pendidikan Islam, dan
            Sivik dan Kewarganegaraan.

-          Peringkat pengajian tinggi.

-          Peringkat masyarakat.

15.4       PENYELIDIKAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN

-          menggunakan teknologi mesra alam

-          contoh pembakaran sampah di dalam insenarator.

-          Kaedah kawalan biologi dalam pertanian.

15.5       PENGUATKUASAAN UNDANG-UNDANG

-          Agensi – Jabatan Alam Sekitar

-          Melalui Akta : Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974

-          Melalui Peraturan: Peraturan Alam Sekitar ( Sisa Buangan Industri 1979).

15.6       KEMPEN

-          Anjuran : Jabatan Alam Sekitar, Sekolah, IPT, NGO.

-          Saluran Kempen – media massa, poster, papan kenyataan, laman web.

15.7        PENGGUNAAN TENAGA MESRA ALAM

-          Menggunakan sumber alternative untuk mendapatkan tenaga.

-          Contoh : biojisim, suria, air dan angin.

LANGKAH-LANGKAH MENGURANGKAN KESAN KEGIATAN EKONOMI TERHADAP ALAM SEKITAR DI NEGARA LAIN

1. KITAR SEMULA

a.       JERMAN

-          Ordinan Pembungkusan

-          Program ‘Duales System Deunchlang GmBH’

b.     TAIWAN

-          Garis Panduan Kitar Semula

-          Akta Pelupusan Sisa

-          Program 4- Dalam – 1

c.      DENMARK

-          Program Waste 21

-          Undang-Undang Affaldsbekendrgoerelsen 1999

-          Program Cukai Sisa

-          Program Cukai Hijau

-          Program Pengembalian Deposit

-          Program Subsidi Sisa

2. RAWAT SEMULA AIR

a.      JEPUN

-          Melalui Reclaimed Water  Use  Project

-          Air sisa dirawat digunakan untuk siraman

b.     SINGAPURA

-          Program NEWater

-          Air sisa domestic dan kilang  menjalani proses  rawatan dan penapisan menggunakan kaedah
           dual-membrane ( penapisan mikro dan pembalikan osmosis)

c.      CHINA

-          Rawat air  sisa industri

            -          Kaedah tradisional – menggunakan pasir dan batu kecil sebagai penapis.

Geografi Tingkatan 3 - BAB 14 : KESAN KEGIATAN EKONOMI

  

14.1  KEPUPUSAN SUMBER

          - melibatkan flora, fauna dan mineral

          - pembalakan berleluasa menyebabkan kepupusan flora ( contoh: kayu cengal, meranti, keruing ),
            kepupusan fauna ( gajah, seladang, ayam hutan ).

          - perlombongan menyebabkan kepupusan sumber bijih timah, petroleum, kuprum dan emas.

14.2       PENCEMARAN

-          pencemaran udara, air, dan tanih.

-          Perindustrian melepaskan gas beracun, habuk, debu ke udara.

-          Pembuangan sisa toksik dari kilang mencemarkan air.

-          Pembuangan sisa kumbahan dan sisa pepejal di daratan menyebabkan pencemaran tanih.

14.3       PERUBAHAN PANDANG DARAT (LANDSKAP)

-          landskap asal berubah menjadi pandang darat budaya

-          contoh – kawasan hutan bertukar menjadi kawasan pertanian, petempatan, dan perkilangan.

-          Perlombongan petroleum di Kerteh mewujudkan  petempatan moden menggantikan 
            petempatan nelayan.

14.4  KESAN RUMAH HIJAU

           -    gas rumah hijau dibebaskan ke udara dan memerangkap haba Bumi. 
           -    punca – perindustrian, pertanian, kenderaan bermotor.

14.4       PENIPISAN LAPISAN OZON

-       akibat pembebasan CFC ke atmosfera.

-       Punca  - industri foam, alat pendingin hawa, aerosol.

-       CFC bertindak balas dengan cahaya ultraungu telah mengurai O₃  menjadi O₂ + O

14.5       PULAU HABA

-       merupakan fenomena peningkatan suhu dalam Bandar

-       berlaku akibat bahan-bahan yang membentuk struktur Bandar menyerap bahangan matahari 
        yang banyak.

14.6       HUJAN ASID

-       akibat pencampuran wap air dengan gas-gas pencemar

-       gas sulfur dioksida menghasilkan asid sulfuric dan gas nitrogen dioksida asid nitric.

Nota dan Latihan Geografi Tingkatan 1, 2 & 3

Jom download and cuba sama-sama

Nota : Tingkatan 3- Kemahiran Geografi (Klik Di Sini)

Latihan: Tingkatan 3 (Klik Di Sini) 

Nota Geografi Tingkatan 1, 2 & 3 (pdf)

Bank Soalan (Tema 1 -9)

Tema 1 (Bentuk Muka Bumi)

Tema 2 (Cuaca & Iklim)

Tema 3 (Tumbuhan Semulajadi dan
hidupan Liar

Tema 4 (Dinamik Penduduk)

Tema 5 (Petempatan &
Perkembangan)

Tema 6 (Pengangkutan & Sistem
Perhubungan)

Tema  7 (sumber)

Tema 8 (Kegiatan Ekonomi)

Prisoner Of Zenda: Questions and Answers

1. Dangerous situation

In the Prisoner of Zenda, Rudolf Rassendyll faces great danger when he plans to free King Rudolf from his captors. Rassendyll is an ordinary man with no special military or police training. Yet, he feels a strong moral duty to play his part in ensuring that the right king ascends to power. He works together with Colonel Sapt, who is loyal to the king. The king is abducted by his brother, who is a ruthless man, and is guarded by an equally ruthless group of men, known as the Famous Six. Rassendyll first rescue attempt is not successful. His second rescue attempt is, but only after he changes the plan dramatically at the last minute. Both situations are very dangerous and lives are lost.

2. Admirable character

I find Rudolf Rassendyll an admirable character in the novel The Prisoner of Zenda because he is brave and has a strong sense of responsibility and public duty. On several occasions, he risk his life to save the King. Rassendyll does not have special military training or skills to use weapons. But that does not stop him from challenging the Famous Six. Rudolf continues to pursue Rupert even though he is injured and tired. He does all this because he hopes to bring justice to Zenda and to return the country to its rightful leader.

3. The character I like most

The character I like most in ‘The Prisoner of Zenda’ is Rudolf Rassendyll. He is adventurous, brave and honourable. In Zenda he risked his life to impersonated king Rudolf V. While impersonating the king, he fell in love with Princess Flavia. However, he knew that her duty to her country was more important than their love. This shows his sense of honour. Their last meeting was very touching and sad.

4. Enjoyed reading the novel

I have enjoyed reading the novel ‘Prisoner of Zenda’. The story is interesting and is about the adventures of Rudolf Rassendyll and how he impersonates King Rudolf V. He went on to save the king and finally part from Princess Flavia, the women he loved. Its message is we should handle crises with courage like Rudolf Rassendyll. He also showed that honour was more important than love. I am so inspired by the honourable nature of these two characters.

5. The Brave character

The character who is very brave is Rudolf Rassendyll. He showed great courage by impersonating King Rudolf V though it was dangerous of doing so. Later, when the king is imprison in then castle, he courageously rescued the king. He fought with the king’s enemies and even got wounded in doing so. His courage paid off when King Rudolf was finally rescued and regained his throne.

6. Theme of honour

The theme of honour is well portrayed in ‘the prisoner of zenda’. Rudolf Rassendyll impersonated King Rudolf V who was kept prisoner in Zenda Castle. He fell in love with Princess Flavia who was betrothed to the real king. But his sense of honour made him feel guilty for he was not the real king. In the end, they agreed to part for, to them, honour was more important than their love. Princess Flavia’s duty to her country must come before her love for Rudolf Rassendyll.

7. Lesson that I have learnt

I have learnt an important lesson from ‘The Prisoner of Zenda’. It is facing challenges with courage and honour. Rudolf knew the danger of impersonating King Rudolf V. Yet, he did it to save the throne from the evil Duke Michael. While playing the part of king, he had fallen in love with Princess Flavia. But he part with her as she had a duty to fulfill for her country. Like him, I have learnt that we must handle problems and challenges with courage and honour.

8. Message of loyalty to its readers

The novel ‘Prisoner of Zenda’ has the message of loyalty for its readers. Colonel Sapt sowed loyalty to his king. It was he who suggested to Rudolf Rassendyll to impersonate the king to save the throne. Later, with Rudolf’s Rassendyll’s help, he helped to rescue the king from the castle. Princess Flavia also showed loyalty to her country by sacrificing her love for Rudolf Rassendyll to marry the king Rudolf V. Like them, we should loyal to our country.

9. Brings attention to the value of love

The novel ‘The Prisoner of Zenda’ brings attention to the value of love. While impersonating king Rudolf V, Rudolf Rassendyll fell in love with the beautiful Princess Flavia. She had also fallen in love with him. However, their love was not mean to be, for Princess Flavia was betrothed to the king. In the end, they sacrifices their love for honour and duty. In doing so, Princess Flavia showed that her love for her country was stronger.

10. The title ‘The Prisoner of Zenda’ is relevant to the novel

The title ‘The Prisoner of Zenda’ is relevant to the novel. The story is about the king of Ruritania who was imprisoned by his evil brother, Duke Michael in Zenda castle. Rudolf Rassendyll who bore a striking resemblance to king Rudolf V impersonated the king. While Rudolf Rassendyll was playing the part of king, King Rudolf V was becoming very ill in prison. Rudolf Rassendyl risked his life to rescue the king who got back his throne.

11. An interesting incident

An interesting incident in the novel ‘The Prisoner of Zenda’ was when Rudolf Rassendyll met the king of Ruritania for the first time. For a time, it seemed almost unreal. There was a lot of confusion in this part. This ‘lookalike’ element added intrigue and mystery to the story. It also brought all the earlier questions and riddles to an end. The feeling in this part is like looking at a live image of oneself. I find this is most interesting indeed.

Potato People: Question and Answers

1. Lesson that can be learnt

There are many lesson that can be learned from the novel, Potato People. Perhaps the most important is that we should never give up hope.Patrick Flynne was a young orphan in Ireland during the time of great famine. He had to fend for himself. All around him were people suffering from the effects of the famine. Some of this people were nasty and took advantage of weaker people, but others were good. Patrick, like many other people, ate whatever he could find. Once he had to eat the rotten meat of a dead dog. Patrick saw his home in his village destroyed and burn down. He saw his best friend, Sean, being arrested. He dream of escaping to Amerika. We should never give up hope and must strive for a better life.

2. Enjoyed reading the novel?

Yes, I have enjoyed reading the novel, ‘Potato People’. The story is interesting, and it has an important message. The story tells about the food famines during the Irish potato blight in 1840s. Its message is that we must control our destiny and work hard towards achieving a better life, like Patrick and Marie. They persevered and never gave up hope for a better life. In the end they settle down in California and became cattle ranchers. I am inspired by the story of their success.

3. Enjoyed reading the novel ‘Potato People’

The story is interesting and tells about the food famines during the Irish potato blight in 1840s. Many Irish wanted to migrate to the new world. Its message for it readers is that we must work hard towards achieving a better life, like Patrick and Marie. In the end, they settled down in California and became cattle ranchers. I am inspired by the story of their determination and success.

4. Message of Love

Potato People highlights the message of love. Sean showed his love for Patrick by turning up with the money for the ship tickets after having gone to great lengths to obtain the money. Patrick and Marie struggle together in a new country. Love blossomed between them for they shared difficult as well as happy times. Patrick showed his love for the poor and hungry when he welcomed them at his home in California. These characters portray the value of selfless love.

5. Brave Character

The character in ‘Potato People’ who is brave is Patrick. He showed a great courage by leaving Ireland for a new life in Amerika. Life was full of hardship. He endured the struggle and even joined the Union Army to fight against slavery. His courage paid off when he was promoted to the rank of Captain and had the respect of the people. After the war, he travelled a lot, experiences many dangers and finally, settled down in California.

6. Theme of Perseverance and determination

Patrick and Marie show perseverance and determination to achieve a better life in America. Life in the new country was tough. Often, they had to go hungry. However, they persevered for they never gave up hope for a better future. After so much hardship, they settled down in California. Patrick married Marie and became a wealthy cattle rancher.

7. Lesson that I have learnt

I have learnt an important lesson from ‘Potato People’. It is the effort taken in working towards a better future. During their early years in America, Patrick and Marie had to endure many years of hardship. However, the hope or a better life in a new country made them persevere. Their perseverance paid off for life become much better many years later. I have learnt that if one is determined to struggle, one can achieve one’s dreams for a better future.

8. The character I like most

The character I like most in ‘Potato People’ is Marie. She is intelligent, cheerful and determined. She remained cheerful despite the widespread hunger an uncertainty. Her intelligence save her and Patrick when she stopped him from revealing their identity to the soldiers. In New York, she was determined to make a better life for herself. Her struggle finally paid off when she married Patrick and they both settled down in California.

9. The character that u like

I like the character Sean. I think that he was very loyal to his village and he love the people very much. Although he stole from Mr Greystone, he did it because he felt that Mr Greystone was greedy and unfair by burning the village down. The money that he stole, he gave to Patrick and Marie so that they could go to America to lead a better life, a live that he could not live. He was punished for stealing the money, but he did it because he could not bear injustice.

10. Message of loyalty for it readers

The novel ‘Potato People’ has the message of loyalty for its readers. Sean and Patrick were loyal in their friendship with one another. Sean did not reveal the identity of Patrick and Marie to the soldiers. This was to save their lives. When Patrick saw Sean being led away in chains, he wanted to approach Sean, showing his loyalty. Fortunately, Marie saved his life by stopping him from doing so. Like them, we too, must be loyal to our friends.

11. Brings attention to the value of love

The novel ‘Potato People’ brings attention to the value of love. Sean showed his love for Patrick by turning up with the money for the ship fare. Patrick and Marie struggled in the new country, sharing the hope for a better future. Love blossomed between them as they shared their hardships with one another. Patrick showed his love for the poor and hungry when he welcomed them at his ranch in California.

12. The title ‘Potato People’ is relevant to the novel

The title ‘Potato People’ is relevant to the novel. The story is about the ‘potato blight’ in Ireland in the 1840’s. the people who were victims of this famine were called the ‘Potato People’. They fed on whatever they could find, even decayed meat of dead animals. These people, like Patrick and Marie, saw emigration to the New World as an escape from the starvation and national chaos.

13. Interesting incident

In the novel ‘Potato People’ I especially find the incident in the chapter ‘The Feast’ somewhat intriguing. When Patrick following Marie into the house full of food on the table, it seemed like they had wandered into a dream. This experience was somewhat exciting, yet was dangerous. Had they been caught, the story would have surely ended differently. Strangely, they found humour in narrowly escaping danger. This was both exciting and thrilling to me. It has taught me to strive hard to achieve my dreams

Selamat Berpuasa